Written by Joseph Cheung, Lawyer and William Fettes, Senior Associate, at DBA Lawyers
An individual’s total superannuation balance (‘TSB’) determines many of their superannuation rights, entitlements and obligations. Accordingly, there is a strong incentive for individuals to carefully monitor their TSB over time, particularly towards the end of a financial year (‘FY’) when most TSB thresholds are tested.
Pay arm’s length expenses
Naturally, paying fund expenses using fund resources can reduce an individual’s TSB. Some common and accepted expenses incurred by SMSFs include, but are not limited to the following:
- the SMSF supervisory levy;
- investment-related expenses, such as brokerage and bank fees;
- accounting fees to prepare and lodge the annual return for the self managed superannuation fund (‘SMSF’);
- audit fees;
- actuarial services;
- operating expenses such as management and administration fees; and
- annual review fees for a corporate trustee.
However, it should be borne in mind that inappropriate outgoings or expenses could be problematic for superannuation law purposes, including under:
- the sole purpose test
- the payment standards;
- the prohibition on providing financial assistance to members and relatives; and
- the arm’s length rule in s 109 of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (Cth).
Additionally, payment of an expense which is less than an arm’s length amount could enliven the non-arm’s length income (‘NALI’) provisions in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997(Cth) under the ATO’s current administrative practice to NALI. Moreover, it should be noted that the proposed rewording of the NALI provisions in the Treasury Laws Amendment (2018 Superannuation Measures No. 1) Bill 2018 will make the application of NALI to an expense which is less than an arm’s length amount much clearer, even where the amount of ordinary income or statutory income derived by the trustee of the SMSF is the same as might be expected in terms of arm’s length dealings.
Another relevant rule that must be considered is reg 5.02(3) of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Regulations 1994 (Cth). Regulation 5.02(3) requires the trustee of a regulated superannuation fund to ensure that fund costs are distributed in a ‘fair and reasonable manner’ as between all members of the superannuation fund and the various kinds of benefits held by each fund member. This is illustrated in the following example:
EXAMPLE
Rico and Joel are brothers and members of an SMSF known as RJ SMSF which is 100% in accumulation phase. They are also the directors of R&J Pty Ltd, which acts solely as the trustee of the RJ SMSF. Rico and Joel are not members of any other superannuation fund.
Based on their working papers, the brother’s anticipate that just before 1 July 2018, Rico’s TSB will be $1,604,000 and Joel’s TSB is $802,000.
However, in the weeks leading up to 30 June 2018, R&J Pty Ltd obtains extensive professional advice for the fund from a reputable financial planner and tax agent.
On 25 June 2018, R&J Pty Ltd receives an invoice in relation to the advice for $12,000 which is payable within 14 days. For completeness, all dealings between the relevant parties were at arm’s length and the amount charged was consistent with commercial rates for such professional advice. Accordingly, the directors of R&J Pty Ltd have a choice to either:
- pay the invoice either in FY2018 (ie, on or before 30 June 2018); or
- pay the invoice in FY2019 subject to the payment terms.
The directors of R&J Pty Ltd ultimately elect to pay the invoice before 30 June 2018.
As Rico and Joel are the only two members of the RJ SMSF, the directors of R&J Pty Ltd resolve to charge the cost of the invoice in a ‘fair and reasonable manner’ by apportioning the fee proportionately based on their respective entitlements in the fund. Accordingly, the total amount of the expenses ($12,000) is apportioned as follows: $8,000 is charged against Rico’s benefits and $4,000 is charged against Joel’s benefits.
As a result of this course of action, immediately before 1 July 2018 Rico’s TSB is $1,598,000 (it would have been increased to $1,606,000 if not for the $8,000 expense charged against Rico’s benefits). Similarly, immediately before 1 July 2018, Joel’s TSB is $799,000 (it would have increased to $803,000 if not for the $4,000 expense charged against Joel’s benefits).
Conclusion
As can be seen from the above, paying arm’s length and appropriate fund expenses can be used as a strategy to reduce an individual’s TSB, subject to the super and tax rules. This strategy can be used in isolation or in various permutations with other strategies.
Before implementing any strategies, consideration must be given to determine whether the implementation of a certain strategy to a particular set of background facts might trigger the anti-avoidance provisions. We have not covered any anti-avoidance provisions such as pt IVA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) in this article. However, if the Australian Taxation Office (‘ATO’) considers that a tax benefit arose from a scheme that was tax driven, there is the prospect of the ATO raising a pt IVA assessment. Where in doubt, expert advice should be obtained.
In Part 3 of our series, we highlight two other strategies that can be used to reduce an individual’s TSB.
The law in relation to TSB is a complex area of law and where in doubt, expert advice should be obtained. Naturally, for advisers, the Australian Financial Services Licence under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and tax advice obligations under the Tax Agent Services Act 2009 (Cth) need to be appropriately managed to ensure advice is legally provided.
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For more information regarding how DBA Lawyers can assist in your SMSF practice, visit: www.dbalawyers.com.au.
